Ovarian cyst surgery, or ovarian cystectomy, removes problematic cysts (fluid sacs on ovaries) that are large, painful, growing, or potentially cancerous, typically preserving the ovary by excising just the cyst. The most common method is minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery (keyhole), but open surgery (laparotomy) may be needed for complex cases, with robotic assistance offering precision. Recovery is quicker with laparoscopy (days) than laparotomy (weeks), and the goal is to relieve symptoms, prevent complications like torsion, and rule out cancer, with some cases potentially requiring ovary/tube removal (oophorectomy).